A hybrid model for human factor analysis in process accidents: FBN-HFACS

Human factors are the largest contributing factors to unsafe operation of the chemical process systems. Conventional methods of human factor assessment are often static, unable to deal with data and model uncertainty, and to consider independencies among failure modes. To overcome the above limitations, this paper presents a hybrid dynamic human factor model considering Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), intuitionistic fuzzy set theory, and Bayesian network. The model is tested on accident scenarios which have occurred in a hot tapping operation of a natural gas pipeline. The results demonstrate that poor occupational safety training, failure to implement risk management principles, and ignoring reporting unsafe conditions were the factors that contributed most failures causing accident. The potential risk-based safety measures for preventing similar accidents are discussed. The application of the model confirms its robustness in estimating impact rate (degree) of human factor induced failures, consideration of the conditional dependency, and a dynamic and flexible modelling structure.     

湘南地区杂柑天草高接换冠关键技术

天草杂柑的高接换冠的关键技术主要是：注意选择母树并适当修剪；合理采穗和保湿；科学嫁接；嫁接后精心管理．     

基于边介数的省域生态廊道构建方法优化

我国城市建设和生态保护工作均对土地资源有大量需求,二者之间的矛盾在经济优先发展区表现尤为明显.为了有效地改善生态环境,管控土地利用并引导其变化发展,需要建设具备不可替代特征的省域生态廊道.最小累积阻力模型（minimum cumulative resistance,MCR）是识别生态廊道最常用、有效的模型,但在应用于省域尺度时,MCR模型识别的潜在廊道路由存在冗余的问题.因此,通过引入网络科学中的边介数指数（edge-betweenness）对MCR模型进行优化,计算潜在廊道路由的边介数指数值,选取出其中最为重要和简明的结构来连通生态源地,即提取潜在路由中的骨干路由（backbone route）和关键战略点（key strategic point）作为不可替代的结构来指导省域生态廊道建设.将优化后的MCR模型应用于广东省,构建了全长5 493 km的省域生态廊道,其中包含生态源地20处,关键战略点11个,骨干生态廊道29条.骨干路由与关键战略点构成的不可替代省域生态廊道（irreplaceable provincial corridor）能够实现"廊道数量和占地面积最少、连通性基本不变"的目标.研究显示,边介数能够对潜在路由进行优化筛选,识别出维护省域生态安全的关键结构;不可替代生态廊道能够指导省域生态规划和土地空间的发展利用,并为更高水平的生态安全环境提供了演进的基础;同时也为土地资源紧张的地区提供了建设生态廊道的参考与依据.      

灰色模型在确定关键污染因子中的应用

将灰色模型引入水环境质量评价中 ,通过对某个时间段内污染物原始监测数据的灰色处理 ,从动态演变中找出关键因子 ,客观地判定各污染因子所起的作用 ,并对各因子在下一个时间段的发展趋势作出判断 ,增加了评价的准确性。经过实例运用分析表明 ,该方法物理意义明确 ,简便易用     

昆明市现阶段突发性污染事故监测报告存在的问题及改进建议

分析了现有应急监测报告存在的问题和改进的意义,提出了从内容格式、提高综合分析能力和加强完整性和连贯性方面改进的建议。     

珠江口浮游藻类生态及与关键水质因子分析

从宏观上和特殊性两方面对其进行浮游藻类生态发生与关键水质因子 (盐度、DO、PO4 P、NO3 N)关联的研究与总结。得出二者间确有关联 ,在 12个测点站位中 ,C12 站位具有水域特殊性 ,即在C12 测点具有溶解氧超饱和现象 ,溶氧饱和率为 115 % ,中肋骨条藻高达 8.6 9× 10 5L 1,个体百分组成高达 87.4 % ,藻类优势度为92 .3% ,该测点水域处于赤潮状态 ,并导致C12 测点活性磷浓度为最低测值。由于硝酸盐含量很高 ,藻类生长和硝酸盐的特殊对应关系不明显。相关分析显示 ,在整个水域盐度与藻类生长为正相关 ,藻类丰度与最高溶氧也为正相关 ,藻类生长与活性磷和硝酸盐之间乃为负相关     

2019年西安首场雾霾PM2.5关键特征的综合诊断

通过对WRF-Chem（Weather Research and Forecasting Model Coupled to Chemistry）环境模式模拟资料、HYSPLIT（HYbrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model）前/后向气团轨迹资料、环境站监测资料，以及西安理工大学（Xi''an University of Technology，简称XUT）多波长激光雷达、米散射激光雷达、能见度仪、粒谱仪等观测资料的综合诊断，探讨了2019年1月初发生在西安的雾霾过程（记为首场雾霾）PM_2.5组分、分布及传输特征，旨在为雾霾气溶胶研究提供有益的个例积累.定性、定量双重检验表明，Chem模式较成功复制了此次雾霾气溶胶过程.利用这些可靠的模式数据分析表明，PM_2.5中碳气溶胶的主要组分为有机碳，约占85%，强盛期气溶胶各组分随高度增加均呈递减趋势，各组分近地面浓度最高.通过对两类不同方法获取的消光系数对比分析表明，相比于模式数据，激光雷达数据具有更高的垂直分辨率，因此，更善于描述消光廓线的细节特征.通过对多源资料的综合诊断最终揭示出，"北风涌"是雾霾消散的关键影响因子，沿铜川-西安-山阳一带存在着污染物传输的重要路径，雾霾由此体现出自北向南依次消散的特征.     

45,X/46,XY chromosome mosaicism detected by midtrimester amniocentesis in amniocyte clones

Amniocyte clones from a mid-trimester pregnancy disclosed 45,X/46,XY sex chromosome mosaicism. Because of the uncertainty concerning the phenotype of the fetus, the parents elected to terminate the pregnancy. Mixed (asymmetrical) gonadal dysgenesis was not found. The fetus appeared to have a normal male uro-genital system. No malformations of any type were detected, although as expected, the fetus did have 45,X/46,XY mosaicism.     

TOPHAZOP: a knowledge-based software tool for conducting HAZOP in a rapid, efficient yet inexpensive manner

Hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies constitute an essential step in the risk analysis of any chemical process industry and involve systematic identification of every conceivable abnormal process deviation, its causes and abnormal consequences. These authors have recently proposed optHAZOP as an alternative procedure for conducting HAZOP studies in a shorter span of time than taken by conventional HAZOP procedure, with greater accuracy and effectiveness [Khan, F. I. and Abassi, S. A., optHAZOP. An effective and efficient technique for hazard identification and assessment Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 1997, 10, 191–204]. optHAZOP consists of several steps, the most crucial one requires use of a knowledge-based software tool which would significantly reduce the requirement of expert man-hours and speed up the work of the study team. TOPHAZOP (Tool for OPTmizing HAZOP) has been developed to fulfil this need.

The TOPHAZOP knowledge-base consists of two main branches: process-specific and general. The TOPHAZOP framework allows these two branches to interact during the analysis to address the process-specific aspects of HAZOP analysis while maintaining the generality of the system. The system is open-ended and modular in structure to make easy implementation and/or expansion of knowledge. The important features of TOPHAZOP and its performance on an industrial case study are described.     

电子商务安全的探讨

介绍电子商务的发展规模以及可能会遇到的安全问题,分析电子商务安全的基本技术加密算法。根据对称加密算法和非对称加密算法的安全特点进行组合,从而提出电子商务交易的一般安全控制结构图,针对各个环节的优缺点,提出有效解决安全问题的方案,同时重点突出了各种相关新技术的特点;电子商务交易的发展,互联网的普及,网络上交易及其信息的安全性已经对人们的经济活动及日常生活产生了重要的影响,为此,提出的电子商务安全方案最大限度地降低了人们的风险;进一步探讨和展望电子商务的前景:随着电子商务的发展,电子交易的手段也更加多样化,安全问题也会变得重要和突出;同时,电子商务又是一个复杂的系统工程,它的安全还要依赖许多社会问题的解决。